The And Drug Administration Approved Truvada For Treating Hiv

It is almost 6 p.m. and it is time for Sean Tin, 26, to take his daily dose of Truvada, the anti-HIV pill that his primary doctor prescribed him approximately four months ago. At first, he was a bit skeptical because he has always been against taking medicines in general; however, after doing his own research and finding out that, if taken as prescribed, Truvada could protect him anywhere from 92 to 99 percent from contracting HIV, he accepted and started the treatment. Truvada, which is the brand name behind the Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis treatment, best known as PrEP, is the latest and, according to the Center for Disease Control (CDC), most efficient method of HIV prevention. However, the CDC still emphasizes on the importance of condoms and other prevention tools, even if the person is on PrEP. In 2004, The Food and Drug Administration approved Truvada for treating HIV infections. Eight years later, it debuted as the first drug (and still the only one) for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Essentially, PrEP contains the same combination of medicines or ingredients that people living with HIV use to keep themselves healthy. If, for any reason, someone is exposed to HIV, PrEP can stop the virus from multiplying and spreading throughout the body. The CDC highly recommends the use of PrEP to people of HIV negative status that are at high risk of being exposed to the virus, especially to those in relationships with HIV positive partners, to men who have sex with men, and toShow MoreRelatedThe Food And Drug Administration Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesFood and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of Truvada, the first drug approved for reducing the risk of contracting an HIV infection in uninfected individuals (FDA Approves First Drug for Reducing the Risk of Sexually Acquired HIV Infection). Truvada is made up of two drugs, emtricitabine and tenofovir, that work by blocking an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which HIV uses to copy its genetic material in order to reproduce. Truvada has been approved for the treatment of HIV in infectedRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus Is A Serious Infectious Disease1374 Words   |  6 Pages There is currently no cure for HIV. Although, the human immunodeficiency virus is treatable, there is currently no vaccine available to prevent people from becoming infected by human immunodeficiency virus. Once a person becomes infected with HIV, the virus will be in that person body for the rest of their life. Research indicates that once a person becomes diagnose with HIV, denial, acute depression, and anxiety are all forms of responses (Rubenstein, Sorrentino, 2008). In order to develop aRead MoreThe Drug And Drug Administration1354 Words   |  6 Pages PrEP treatment is taken in the form of a pill, called Truvada. Truvada is a combination of two HIV medications (tenofovir and emtricitabine). Truvadais a fairly new drug. It was approved for human use by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and allowed clinical practice guidelines for usage in the America by the U.S. Public Health Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in May 2014. In order for Truvada to be effective, users of PrEP must adhere to taking one pillRead MoreA Brief Note On The Cost Of Advancement1960 Words   |  8 Pagesforms, whether it be from improved hygiene, new drugs, vaccines, new and improved medical procedures, better monitoring equipment, or even preventative tests and early diagnosis, all of this has played a part in increasing global life expectancy through the years. In this paper I will focus in on one of these aspects: drugs. Big pharmaceutical companies have been extremely busy with research and development for new d rugs. For example, 41 new drugs received FDA approval in 2014 alone.2 This number

Outline and Assess the Five Main Theoretical Perspectives...

Outline and assess the five main theoretical perspectives of sociology Marxism Marxism is the political philosophy and practice resulting from the work of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. Any political practice or theory that is based on an interpretation of the works of Marx and Engels may be called Marxism. Under capitalism, the proletariat, the working class own only their capacity to work meaning they have the ability only to sell their own labour. According to Marx a class is defined by the relations of its members to the means of production. Under capitalism, the workers, in order to support their families are paid a minimum wage or salary. The worker is alienated because he has no control over the labour or product which he†¦show more content†¦All Functionalism is concerned with the basic need and desirability for social order and stability to overcome in society. Functionalists believe that you can compare society to a living organism, in that both a society and an organism are made up of mutually supporting working parts and systems that must function together in order for the body to function. An example of this can be found in the theory of Emergence. Functionalist sociologists say that the different parts of society e.g. the family, education, religion, law and order, media etc. have to be seen in terms of the contribution that they make to the functioning of the whole of society. This sees the different parts of society working together to form a social system in the same way that the different parts of an organism form a consistent functioning body. Functionalist Talcott Parsons was influenced by Durkheim and Max Weber, combining much of their work into his theory. Parsons’ wanted to develop a grand theory of society, but he began by examining the individual and their actions. His starting point was the interaction between two individuals. Those individuals were faced with a variety of choices about how they might act. However, those choices are influenced and constrained by a number of physical and social factors. Parsons determined that each individual has expectations of the other’s action and reaction to their own behaviour, and that these expectationsShow MoreRelatedSociology Essay20437 Words   |  82 PagesAS Sociology Sociology Nik Jorgensen Text  © Nelson Thornes Distance Learning 2010 Illustrations  © Nelson Thornes Distance Learning 2010 All rights reserved. The copyright holders authorise ONLY users of NTDL AS Sociology to make photocopies for their own or their students’ immediate use within the teaching context. No other rights are granted without permission in writing from the publisher or under licence from the Copyright Licensing Agency Limited, of Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby StreetRead MoreQualitative Research Methods6311 Words   |  26 PagesMODERN ORGANIZATION THEORY TERM PROJECT QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODS FROM AN ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT PERSPECTIVE à hsan Ulaà ¾ Kocaoà °lu JANUARY 2006 CONTENTS Definition of Qualitative Research in Social Sciences Approaches to Management Research Positivism versus Phenomenology Deductive and Inductive Schools of Thought in Management Research Major Qualitaitve Research Approaches Ethnographic Approach Phenomenology Field Research Grounded Theory Case study Action Research Read MoreAlternative Learning Systems9735 Words   |  39 PagesArticles Sociology of the Prison Classroom: Marginalized Identities and Sociological Imaginations behind Bars Teaching Sociology 39(2) 165–178 Ó American Sociological Association 2011 DOI: 10.1177/0092055X11400440 http://ts.sagepub.com Kylie L. Parrotta1 and Gretchen H. Thompson1 Abstract The authors use sociology of the college classroom to analyze their experiences as feminists teaching sociology courses in the ‘‘unconventional setting’’ of prison. Reflective writing was used to chronicle experiencesRead MoreMarriage and Cohabitation3593 Words   |  15 Pagesin together will sometimes ruin the studies of the students in a way that they start to engage in sexual intercourse and sometimes result to having an unexpected baby. This will lead to both partners to stop going to school. In the mid-1960s, only five per cent of single women lived with a man before getting married. By the 1990s, about 70 per cent did so. Some people think that living together will lead automatically to marriage, but that often is not the case. Much cohabitation breaks up. ForRead MoreNursing research.5083 Words   |  21 Pagesof a piece of research is supposed to be a short comprehensive summary of the study (LoBiondo-Wood and Haber 1994). The abstract included in this research article is very unambiguous and is presented in a way that sums up the article. It clearly outlines the aim of the study and the reasoning behind it. It states the methodology that will be used during the piece of research but it doesnt clearly say how the participants were selected and what sampling techniques were used, it appears after readingRead MoreDoes the Perceived Risk of Punishment Deter Criminally Prone Individuals - Rational Choice, Self-Control and Crime.Pdf14337 Words   |  58 Pagesmore prud ent manner. Finally, the position that sanction threats effectively inhibit the criminal behavior even among those with high levels of criminal propensity is also consistent with the empirical literature and harmonious with compelling theoretical positions. Downloaded from jrc.sagepub.com at UNIV OF CONNECTICUT on May 17, 2011 182 JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN CRIME AND DELINQUENCY In this article, we reexamine the relationship among stable differences in criminal propensity, sanctionRead MoreA Critical Analysis of Personal Leadership Style with Reference to Classical Theoretical Frameworks.9317 Words   |  38 PagesA critical analysis of personal leadership style with reference to classical theoretical frameworks. The aim of this study is to examine my personal leadership style, in the context of some of the major classical theoretical frameworks of leadership from within the wide body of literature available on this subject. I will aim to apply the analysis of these theories to my own leadership practice and style, and to identify areas where theory can improve my performance within the workplace. I willRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreDeveloping Effective Research Proposals49428 Words   |  198 Pages previous page page_i next page Page ii Series Editor: Keith F Punch, University of Western Australia A series of short practical ‘how-to’ books aimed at the beginning researcher. The books will cover a central topic, including the main methods, approaches and analytic techniques in social research, from developing a research topic through to writing and presenting research results. Each book is designed to be used as an independent guide or as a workbook to accompany Keith PunchsRead MoreAn Evalution of the Attachment Theory Essay13038 Words   |  53 Pages 4 Statement of Ownership 5 Chapter1: Introduction 1. An Introduction to the Attachment Theory 7 2. Aims of the Study 9 Chapter 2: Methodology 2.1 Literature Review Theoretical Considerations 12 2.2 Secondary Research - qualitative or quantitative 15 2.3 Information gathering Content Analysis 16 Chapter 3: Literature Review Applying the Attachment Theory when working with Looked after

Kim Campbell, Canadas First Female Prime Minister, Rose Quickly In Her Essay Example For Students

Kim Campbell, Canadas First Female Prime Minister, Rose Quickly In Her Essay Kim Campbell, Canadas first female Prime Minister, rose quickly in her political standings reaching, what she would find to be the height of her career only seven years after entering politics. It appeared like the loss of the 1993 election and the all around destruction of the Progressive Conservative party was completely Kim Campbells fault however actually was a joint effort by Brian Mulroney and Kim Campbell. Kim Campbell rose so quickly in her political status that she did not have the experience that most of the others MPs had at her level. The Tories were finishing their second term in power and the people of Canada were displeased with Brain Mulroney by the time of his resignation. Kim Campbell was voted in as Prime Minister by her party and was not elected by the people of Canada. During the 1993 election Kim Campbell had an American company make a commercial that mocked Liberal party leader Jean Chr?tiens physical disability. Kim Campbells first entered politics in 1986. Sh e first won a provincial seat in Vancouver and in 1988 she won her bid for the House of Commons. She had many good ideas, one of them being the USA-Canada Free Trade Agreement. This part of her campaign was recognized by Brian Mulroney who was the current Prime Minister. In 1989 Mulroney appointed Kim Campbell to the position of Minister of State for Indian and Northern Affairs. Later, in 1990 she was appointed Minister of Justice and a year later became the Minister of Defence. Just two years after becoming Minister of Defence and 7 years after entering politics, she ran for leader of the Progressive Conservative party and became Brian Mulroneys successor. Kim Campbell inexperience in the world of politics gave her a huge disadvantage when things started to go wrong. Brain Mulroney and the Tories had been in power for two terms, a total of 9 years. The Canadians had become tired of Brian Mulroney and his Progressive Conservative government, so when it was announced that he would resign most Canadians were happy to see him go. However his resignation did mean the end of the Progressive Conservatives power in Canada. Canadians unhappy with what the Progressive Conservatives had done chose to elect an other party. When Brain Mulroney resigned there was, in place of a federal election, a leadership convention. The Tories just had to elect a new leader who would then become the Prime Minister. This meant that Kim Campbell was not the choice of Canada but instead the choice of the Progressive Conservative party. So when it came time, 3 months later, for an election Canada not only went with a different leader but an entirely different party. The Liberal party was elected to power and leaving the Progressive Conservative party was left with only two seats. Canadians were not pleased with the Tories no matter who their leader was, this dissatisfaction caused the worst loss in Canadian history. It was in the 1993 federal election that Kim Campbell found she was behind in the poles and made a decision that destroyed her party. She chose to have an American Company make a commercial that made fun of Liberal party leader Jean Chr?tiens physical disability, Bells palsy. This disease paralyzes on side of the face, where the muscles on the right side of his mouth were paralized The Canadian people responded to this commercial by giving him sympathy and Kim Campbell and the Tories suffered because of it. Campbells problematic performance in the campaign,and her inability to distance herself from the extremely unpopular Brian Mulroney propelled the party from defeat to disaster.1 The problem started before she took on the leadership, Brian Molruneys nine years in power was too much for Canadians so that when Brian Molruney resigned it would have been difficult to make the PC party more popular. Kim Campbells inexperience in politics was the reason she made the commercial about Jean Chr?tien and lost her the 1993 election. After the works of Mulroney and Campbell were finished there was not much left of the Progressive Consecrative Party of Canada. It was wiped out completely, even in its traditional stronghold of Alberta.2 So when the facts are taken into account it is obvious that Kim Campbell was aided in the destruction of the PC party by Brian Mulroney and was not alone in the effort. .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2 , .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2 .postImageUrl , .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2 , .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2:hover , .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2:visited , .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2:active { border:0!important; } .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2:active , .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2 .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2bfc37f814217f4f69fa3d3c1d2c98f2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Chrysanthemums By Steinbeck Evaluation Essay1 The Canadian Encyclopedia Plus Copyright (c) 1996 by McClelland ; Stewart Inc.

Vantagon Company

Vantagon Vantagon is the IT company which specializes in developing different types of software and applications. Vantagon’s completed projects include such applications as Taskflight and Semple.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Vantagon Company specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The company follows the principle of focusing on innovation and benefits while proposing new models and paradigms, establishing standards, and overcoming any systems’ drawbacks. The company’s staff is rather small and includes the leadership team, designers, programmers, and marketers. I take one of the leading managerial positions in the company. Preliminary Problem Statement How can the followed management style contribute to the improvement of the company’s performance and employees’ satisfaction? What strategies and approaches can be used to improve the employees’ motivation and add to their orientation to the prolonged cooperation with the company? The Description of the Organizational Problem In spite of the fact that Vantagon’s performance is rather good, and the new projects attract many clients because of their high quality, the company’s performance can be improved while paying more attention to the human resources factor and to the obvious connection between the employees’ motivation and performance. Vantagon’s managers focus much on empowering and motivating employees while responding to their job satisfaction. However, the specifics of the company’s work make the managers focus more on the strategies and perspectives of the project management and stimulation of the part-time employees’ work. The current company’s management style should be examined and evaluated in detail in order to correlate it with the requirements of the project management. It is important to evaluate the appropriateness of the followed management style for contributing to the company’s performance because the managers should also follow the modern effective strategies to stimulate the activities of their employees when they work on developing and implementing the innovative ideas. Furthermore, the company’s managers need more information on the employees’ performance, job commitment and satisfaction in order to make the right decisions while considering this or that employee. From this point, it is necessary to compare the requirements of the project management with the strategies followed in the company to motivate employees to progress.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The current situation in the company supports the idea that there are many opportunities for managers to improve the employees’ performance, but it is necessary to evaluate the used approach in order to decide on the approaches to follow and reject. In this case, the employees’ motivation can be discussed as the key factor to contribute to the employees’ job satisfaction, and as a result, improved performance. Today, the company follows the right path, but the focus on the aspects of management can contribute to changing the managers and employees’ vision of cooperation. Thus, although the company tries to concentrate on the project management principles, it is necessary to focus more attention on the employees’ vision of their cooperation with the company, the principles of which can be changed according to the improved management strategy. In the research, I am inclined to examine and evaluate the followed management style in relation to its contribution to increasing the employees’ motivation and performance. As a result of the research, I choose to focus on the possible recommendations to increase the job performance and improve the performan ce. The TCO Related to the Problem I will relate the research to the TCO according to which I should focus on the theories of motivation and demonstrate their specific application to â€Å"successfully guide employees toward accomplishing organizational objectives†. This research paper on Vantagon Company was written and submitted by user Tiana Morris to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Night by elie weisel essays

Night by elie weisel essays The novel Night, by Elie Weisel, is a emotional-filled volume of a first person account of the horrors and unthinkable cruelty dealt to a innocent child during the holocaust. Critics throughout the world raved at this literary masterpiece calling it A Slim Volume Of Terrifying Power# and exclaiming To the best of my knowledge no one has left behind him so moving a record.# This truly horrific account is a must read for any young adult, and should be put onto reading lists worldwide indefinitely. This novel uses many accounts of symbolism to paint a vivid picture of death and to set a dreary atmosphere. Cold images of people being brutally beaten, towering chimneys used to burn family and friends symbolizing death and suffering, German SS officers symbolizing fear to all that succumbs to them. Right next to us the high chimney of the crematory oven rose up. It no longer made any impression on us. It scarcely attracted our attention, this line symbolizes the loss of hope and extremely low moral these refugees became to know as life. This book was written in a very descriptive style, taking full advantage of his first-person experience to write with gruesome detail. The writer uses descriptive sentences to immerse the reader in the experience. Another key aspect of technique in his writing is his use of rhetorical questions. Where is the divine mercy? Where is god? How can I believe, how can anyone believe, in this merciful god?, is a line containing three rhetorical questions used to work on a readers emotion. Major characters in the story are Eliser, Moshe the Beadle, and Elisers father. Eliser is the main charactor and author of the book. The novel follows young Eliser through the ups and downs of his visits through the concentration camps. He is a timid young man, not well educated and not emotionally equipped for this journey. Moshe the Beadle is a charac...

Social Experiment Report Essays - McCarthyism, Talcott Parsons

Social Experiment Report Essays - McCarthyism, Talcott Parsons Social Experiment Report Introduction Our experiment was based on the sociological views of Talcott Parsons. Talcott Parsons believed that people reacted according to their values and the values of the people around them which created stability in society. He also believed people only cooperated together to achieve goals based on their shared values. We decided to challenge that concept by following through with a social experiment that required people to decide between either giving a helping hand or doing nothing at all. This is the Dropping a Wallet in Public Experiment. Research We conducted a survey with 50 different individuals all selected at random to help us observe a more accurate consensus on whether people agreed and cooperated only if they had something alike. 37 individuals proved Parsons Theory to be correct because the answers on these 37 resembled one anothers generally. The rest, 13 other individuals, had random answers which didnt correspond with a specific pattern. We can use the following question that we asked as an example to further investigate this theory: Rate the following from 1 being the first to 5 being the last. Who are you more inclined to assist first if they are ever in need? a)Teacher b)Parents c)Siblings d)Classmates e)Friends This specific question can deliver a lot of insight on Parsons Theory. The reason we worded the question so broad was because we didnt want people to understand what was being asked because then they might be inclined to change the answer to our liking. We hypothesized that people would choose answers based on their personal values and preferences and we were correct. Majority, specifically 43 people chose parents as their number 1 choice because they believed that if their parents were in this position, they would choose them. The other 7 individuals surprisingly chose siblings and friends as their number 1 choices. This we believed was due to a weak connection between the participants and their parents or because the connection with their siblings/friends was stronger. The participants believed that the values were similar with the options that were given. We also conducted a social experiment to further assess the theory. We had someone drop a wallet in front of a passerby and someone else attempt to steal that wallet. Some individuals reacted by doing absolutely nothing while others ran after the offender and demanded that he give back the stolen wallet. This we believe is due to the shared values that they think they have with the innocent person being robbed. Maybe the ones who helped out had been through a robbery before and knew how badly it affected them, so they didnt want someone else to deal with that? Whatever the case may have been, the good Samaritans outweighed the bad folk who didnt believe in helping out. Result (Video Analysis) Conclusion To conclude, we discovered that Talcott Parsons theory on sociological behavior was accurate in the scenario that we dealt with. We discovered that individuals assisted each other when they felt that their views resembled one anothers. We also learned that even within a basket full of good apples a few bad apples can still be present. At the end of the day we left our location and realized that out of the 62 different reactions we had with random strangers, 90% of those reactions were people helping a helpless person in need. I guess you can say that faith in humanity has been restored.

Financial institution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Financial institution - Essay Example The remaining part represents the ‘risk premium’ where the market return earned in excess of the risk free rate is multiplied with the ‘beta’ of the stock. It is essentially the return for bearing additional risk (Investopedia, 2010). If the expected rate of return on a security is more than the required rate of return then the investment in profitable whereas if the expected return is less than the required rate of return then the investment is not profitable. Unlike Mean Variance Portfolio theory the CAPM model rewards for the excess beta or additional risk borne by the investor. Higher the beta higher is the compensation required by the security. As per this model a higher ‘standard deviation’ does not mean a higher return as ‘beta’ is the measure of risk under CAPM and not ‘standard deviation’. In the CAPM world an investor is rewarded for bearing the risk that cannot be diversified. This is referred as ‘syste matic risk’ captured by the beta of the stock. An investor is not awarded for bearing any nondiversifiable risk i.e. unsystematic risk captured by the standard deviation of the stock. In other words the investors are rewarded for bearing the risk that cannot be diversified away. This is also referred as ‘market risk’ (Sigman, 2005). Assumptions under CAPM- The first assumption under this model is that the transaction costs do not exist. This means that the purchase or sale of an asset does not require any cost. The second assumption is that the CAPM model assumes all assets to be infinitely divisible. This implies that an investor can take a position in the market irrespective of their wealth position. There exists no ‘personal income tax’. This implies that an investor is not influenced by the nature of gain whether it is in the form of capital gain or dividend. There exists perfect competition. This means that a person cannot influence the stock pr ice by going long or short in it. The investors base their investment decisions on the standard deviations of returns and expected value on their investment portfolio. There is no limit on short selling. CAPM also assumes that there is unlimited lending and investing at the risk free rate. CAPM assumes homogeneous market expectations. The last assumption is marketability of all assets (Elton, et al., 2009, p.283). Beta Co-efficient The beta is the sensitivity of stock return to the market return. Higher the beta higher is the risk associated with the stock. Gitman (2006) states that beta is â€Å"a measure of non-diversifiable risk† i.e. it measures the return on asset with reference to the market return. Ideally the beta of a stock should be â€Å"forward-looking† and measured with respect to the whole market, whereas in practice this is based on historical returns and the stock index acts as a proxy for ‘market return’ (Kurschner, 2008, p. 3). Suppose th e beta of Stock A is 2. In the event of a 10% rise or fall in the market the price of Stock A will rise or fall by 20% respectively. Stocks with a beta of more than one are referred as ‘aggressive stock’ and stocks with a beta of less than one are referred as ‘defensive stock’. One can invest in aggressive stocks in times of market upswings and such stocks must be avoided in times of uncertain market conditions. In short the beta co-efficient of a stock measures the volatility in the return of a stock with respect to the market benchmark. Criticism of CAPM The assumptions of CAPM

Analysis of The World Chinese Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Analysis of The World Chinese Film - Essay Example The migrant worker has an alignment with the theme park employee in a sense they both happen to be working in the park. The migrant worker does a construction job in the park where he builds structures while the theme employee works in a park where he is able to create and recreate landmarks. Their jobs have an alignment to each other since they work within the same vicinity even though their worlds are different. Therefore, the movie best explains a tantalizing situation in which people find themselves engraved in. â€Å"Whether in their jobs at World Park or as ladies of the evening, these women are ostensibly empowered through employment but actually are marginalized and victimized by a sexually commercialized society,† (Szeto, 2009, pp.102). The presentation of the life in an urbanized setting explains various atrocities that may occur to people. The critical and cultural appraisal of the movie brings out the shows how the presentation of the issues. Both the migrant worker and the theme employee experience exploitation according to the film as it tries to show how difficult it is working in a big city where one is a stranger without city life experience. The film portrays the modernization of China from its ancient cultural society to modern China through the migrants moving from the province to the city in search of jobs. â€Å"China’s modernization and economic growth have been rapid and far-reaching even to the remote areas such as the provincial city of Datong in northeast China,† (Szeto, 2009, pp.108). From the film, the province symbolizes the ancient cultural society while the city symbolizes the new or modern society of China. Even though at this point China has not attained maximum modernization, it has an average attitude with a desire to modernize in the near future.

Politicians and religious leaders Essay Example for Free

Politicians and religious leaders Essay What is courage and how do people define it? A lot of people have their own definitions of courage and a lot of them see it in many different ways. According to Webster’s dictionary courage implies firmness of mind and will in the face of danger or extreme difficulty (â€Å"Courage†). But in my own opinion having courage takes a lot of self confidence and audaciousness to be able to face one thing or do something that is very challenging and difficult. A lot of people define courage in lots of various ways. For other people such as soldiers, it may mean like fighting on a battle and facing all their enemies without any feeling of fear or hesitation to be able to serve their country and other people; willing to sacrifice their lives for the good of mankind and benefit of their country. In many circumstances, each and every individual in the world has courage. Different types of courage can be seen in their actions, words, works and other aspects of every human’s life. There are different kinds of courage and it depends on how an individual wants to illustrate it. There are physical types of courage and moral ones. Physical courage could pertain to facing or dealing with something that has something to do with being valiant and not feeling afraid of getting physically hurt and willing to face any kind of danger that can cause an individual to suffer physically or even face death. On the other hand moral courage is related to becoming brave and the act of doing something that is deemed to be right. It shows the readiness of an individual to demonstrate the right act despite of different consequences such as being put into shame or scandal. Two different kind of courageousness yet they both share only one thought and meaning, which is being fearless and ready to face anything whatever consequence it may lead one person (Welsh). People manifest the act of courage everyday as they live their life. From infants to adults, courage is always present and can be observed to each and every individual on earth. For instance, a one year old child should have courage to be able to learn to walk, children needs courage to go to their first day of school and meet new people, teachers, classmates and friends, even an adult should have courage to apply for a job and start working on a company. Another example is a man who loves a woman should have courage to tell her what he feels to achieve what he wants and he should also be ready for whatever consequence it may lead him, like knowing that the girl loves him too or it could be the other way around. Courageousness is the one who pushes somebody to do something no matter what outcome may be. Furthermore, sick people such as those who have serious illness who wants to live longer should have a lot of courage to fight for their lives and survive to be able to live longer. Politicians and religious leaders are also a good example of people who demonstrates courage. As for politicians, they have the courage to lead people and do their best to make things in order while religious leaders teaches people lessons in life and encourage people to do good and to be closer to God. They serve people and they are brave enough to do their tasks no matter what consequence they may get and experience out of their courageous act such as false accusations, mockery and scandals. Simple things in life require courage in order for somebody to do and face it. The true meaning of courage can be seen in every individual’s heart. Being brave is to stand up for what one person believes and act on it. It is something that can be seen in every human being. Courage may sound a very simple word but it has a great meaning and value to every person in the world. Without courage the world would be chaotic and the world will not be a better world. Works Cited Courage. Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009. Merriam-Webster Online. 2 April 2009 http://www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/courage Welsh, Bill. Definition of Courage. 116acw. acc. af. mil. 14 September 2006. 2 April 2009 http://www. 116acw. acc. af. mil/news/story. asp? id=123027106

History Of Rock And Roll Essay example -- Music History Research Paper

History of Rock and Roll   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  INTRODUCTION Rock and Roll started after the year 1955 with its roots being in Blues, Gospel, and Jazz. This influenced vocal music, which was popular with the African American population. Hep Harmony which added rhythm and harmony was sung by groups such as The "Mills Brothers" and the "Ink Spots".   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Small Swing Bands or Jump Bands featured saxophone soloists and repeated phrases. These city style blues featured singers such as Joe Turner, Dina Washington, T-Bone Walker, and composer-singer Percy Mayfield.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During this era, country blues traditions of the south became influential in the North as well. Blacks moved from the South to the North and Chicago became the center of blues recordings. This emphasized electric guitars, harmonicas, and drummers who emphasized after beats (beats 2 and 4 of the measure). Black gospel music was very popular and given the label of rhythm and blues (R&B). This music was carried on radio and popular with the disc jockeys.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the mid 50's, Chuck Berry and Little Richard were popular and changed the face of music, which was named rock and roll by the D.J.'s.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1956-1962   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At age 21, in 1956, Elvis Presley was introduced to the public with his rockabilly style of music. His first record, "Heartbreak Hotel" was recorded. It was the first of a consecutive 14 records to sell over one million copies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He inspired other country singers to sing rock and roll. This started a trend for "cover" recordings. This was when white singers simplified versions of Black recorded songs. White singers were played on more radio stations and became very popular.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Young listeners became their largest audience. Young singers were hired to record songs featuring adolescent issues. "Young Love", "16 Candles", and "Teenage Crush".  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Such singers as Little Richard, Chuck Berry, and Jerry Lee Lewis became famous and popular.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Love ballads also became more popular, with the musical audience looking for sentimental and honest expression. This turned some of the more popular music from rock to folk ballads. Joan Baez, Bob Dylan, and Peter, Paul, and Mary were the more popular folk singers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   1963-1969   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During this period, the Beatles became the most popular band of the 1960's. In the 1... ...r first album, Led Zeppelin, in 1968. Other popular albums included Led Zeppelin II (1969), III (1970), and IV (1971), Houses of the Holy (1971), The Song Remains the Same (1976), and In Through the Out Door (1976). Their most famous song was `Stairway to Heaven' (1971). With the death of Bonham in 1980, the band was at a great loss, and band members (Plant and Page) went on to solo careers. The reunion of the remaining band members was in 1985, for a Live Aid benefit concert in Philadelphia. Another reunion took place in 1988 for Atlantic Records' 40th anniversary celebration (John Bonham's son, Jason, played the drums).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  SUMMARY   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There were many other bands not mentioned in this report that influenced music in the 60's, 70's, and the 80's. Some of these bands include Pink Floyd, The Doors, Eagles, Genesis, CSNY (Crosby, Stills, Nash, and Young), The Monkees, Jimi Hendrix, Janis Joplin, Chicago, Fleetwood Mac, Jackson Browne, Michael Jackson, and many others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Rock and Roll has been an important part of young peoples lives for decades and decades to come. Music is a way of expression for some and a way of relaxing for others.

Generalization: Black People and Young Men Essay

In daily life, you can find out man many generalization easily; such as, when you heard about crime, you immediately think of the drunken, unemployed, color people..etc, or when you heard about Havard’s student, words describing like very smart, creative, sucess in life easily or something like that glance through your mind.In the same way, when you heard people depend on welfare, you immediately think that they are lazy, unemployed, have many children, never try to get any job and they are black people. However, do you think generalizations like above always right? Absolutely not. In my opinion, each person has each generalization, sometimes genelizations is similiar, but sometimes not. Wrong genelizations can be cause racism or unfair in life. To begin with an Gladwell’s article, because he mention generalization in one of his articles. In â€Å"Troublemakers†, Gladwell argues that generalization is not easy, you must know exactly what is going on. Because of the attacks of pitt bull, it was banned by the Ontario goverment. They said that pitt bulls is very dangerous, can bite someone without warning signs, then, they decided banned it. In the same case with pitt bull, he gave us some example about young men driver always higher charges or doctors think that midle-ages easily get heart attack. In the same article, he also gave us example about terrorism. He said terrorist in our mind is totally different in real. We don’t know how a terrorists look like; can be a Arab men, can be a young men, can be black people, can be white people, can be lady, also can be a old men. That’s why, the goverment and the police, specific is New York Police Department have trouble in sketching terrorist’s prolife. However, when NYPD use right generalization to make decrease crime in city. Back to the pitt bull, as we know, not all pitt bull are killer, moreover, dogs are good or bad also depend on owner. Most of case was attacked by pitt bull, the owner is often neglectful. However, it is still prohibited. Therefore, Gladwell said that is wrong generalization. As shown above, generalization is not always right. In a welfare statistics 2012, total government spending on welfare annually (not including food stamps or unemployment): $131.9 billion. This number is increasing every year. Besides, the global economics downturn, this number is very serious. That’s why, most of americans don’t like people who depend on welfare too much. Americans thought that it was one of cause badly affecting in life today. In the same statistic was shown above, percent of recipients who are black: 39.8 %, this’s highest percent. Next, base on those numbers, you are thinking that black people depend on goverment so much and they seem never try to getting job. Moreover, most of drunken and crime you can see everyday on the street are also black. In the same case, when you go to department of welfare center, you can easily realize that the number of black people is more than all. Now, you begin to default on your thinking that black people are lazy, drunken, crime and depend on welfare so much. Meanwhile, how we know they never try to find a job or try to do something? We don’t know. We also don’t know what is going on their life. They can really have more troubles than white, because of the racism. I have a small story, that’s observation. I’m living Northeast Phillies. Oneday, when I was from home to school, I saw some homeless man on the way to school, I counted five people and in which just have one black people. Now, where is problem? I know, this’s just small story and it can’t generalize anything obvious. However, I think it enough for we look back at own conclusion. Fact that blacks depend on welfare more than others, don’t they? When we heard about black people, we immediately think of crime, drunken†¦ And, thinking made us don’t want to hire them. Clearly, they’ll unemployed. Next, they must depend on welfare to maintain life. Things like a circle and has no end. Until we change our thinking about them and giving them more opportunities, they are still depend on welfare. Not all black people depend on welfare, also not all pitt bull are killers. Finally, genaralization is really important and need shrewdness. You must observation everything what is happening around problems. Because a wrong genaralization can can lead to unnecessary mistakes.

Ketone Reduction Using Sodium Borohydride

Experiment 5B: Ketone Reduction Objective: Using sodium borohydride as a reducing agent, the ketone 4-tert-butylcyclohexane is reduced to its corresponding alcohol. It is purified through extraction techniques to give the cis and trans diasteromer products. Procedure: The procedure was followed as outlined in Mayo’s book for Experiment 5B with the following modifications: 1. Reagents and Equipment – The reaction will be on a scale of 2X what is described in the text. 2. Reagents and Equipment – The progress of the reaction will be followed by TLC as directed in the Reaction Conditions section.Glass backed TLC plates will be created with the following three spots: Ketone Standard/Co-Spot/Crude Reaction Mixture. Prepare the TLC plate while the reaction is being set up. To the initial solution of 4-tert-butylcyclohexane in methanol, before adding the reducing solution, insert a TLC capillary. Use this sample as your ketone standard. Do NOT stop the reaction before c hecking the progress by TLC. If the reaction is not complete, add another portion of the reducing solution. 3. Isolation of Product – All other amounts specified in this section should be followed without doubling. . Isolation of Product – Substitute 1. 0 mL of cold 3. 0 M HCl for 1. 0 mL of cold 0. 1 M HCl. 5. Purification and Characterization – Will not obtain an NMR spectrum. Reaction Scheme: Data and Results: CompoundMW (g/mol)AmountMmolMp (degrees C)Bp (degrees C) 4-tert-butylcylcohexane154. 25103 mg0. 6747 – 50 Methanol32. 04100  µL65 Sodium Borohydride reducing solution37. 83200  µL *NOTE: As I was condensing my product in the sand bath it â€Å"popped† and there was no more final product in my vial. Therefore I was not able to do a final analysis and I am using Mike Mariani’s data in my report.Observations: 1. Crude product was solid and white in color. 2. TLC spots were dark purple for both the ketone standard and co-spot. The s pot for the crude reaction mixture was barely visible. 3. Melting point of product started at 62. 5 degrees Celsius. Calculations: 1. TLC was done in an elution solvent system of ethyl acetate: hexane (1:4). QQ did not have us record Rf values. The color of the spots was as indicated in the observations section above. 2. Yield of Crude Product = Vial and product – Vial: 4. 233 g – 4. 141 = 0. 092 g = 92 mg 3. Percent Yield of Crude Product:

Circle of fire essays

Circle of fire essays After the Portuguese influence in West Africa had ended the English came to Nigeria around 1750. In the beginning they concentrated on the costal areas, especially in the Niger delta, and therefore Pidgin English started as a special costal connotation because of the urgent needs of communication between the English and the natives. The Europeans that were in contact with the local population were in the beginning mostly slave traders. As the growing demands for slaves for the transatlantic plantations spread the slavers moved inland, spreading Pidgin English to the interior of Nigeria. The European ships could be anchored for months off the Nigerian coast while slaves were collected and these places became trading posts for the trading ships. To communicate with the local people Pidgin English developed. Pidgin English uses English as the base language mixed with one or more native languages. Pidgin Portuguese was already well known and it served as a model for Pidgin English. The Europeans and the Africans developed commercial relationships, the slavers got their slaves and the Africans got some of the western technology, and they learned how to speak and write in English. In the middle of the 19th century missionaries settled in Nigeria. The missionaries wanted to teach the local people about Christianity and to do that they needed to be able to read and write. The Africans welcomed the missionaries because they could teach them English. Literacy became to the Africans a means to influence and status. The mission educators taught Standard English but the Pidgin English were already well established in Nigeria as a form of communication between the black and white, and it served as a means of identity. From the slave ships some of the slaves had been liberated and they first settled in Sierra Leone, there they developed a pidgin English to communicate with each other, because they were f ...

AdBlue Fluid and Cleaner Diesel Emissions

AdBlue Fluid and Cleaner Diesel Emissions AdBlue is the German brand name for a clear, non-toxic- though slightly corrosive to some metals- aqueous urea solution used to treat exhaust on  modern clean diesel engines. The generic name for a chemically equivalent solution used in the non-European market (predominantly North America) is Diesel Emissions Fluid (DEF). The primary use of AdBlue and similar DEFs is to be used in conjunction with a Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) converter to control oxides of nitrogen (NOx) diesel emissions. On average, NOx emissions are reduced by approximately 80 percent because of this process. How DEFs Work The AdBlue solution is comprised of 32.5 percent high purity urea diluted in distilled water and carried onboard the diesel vehicle in a special independent tank. Under the direction of the onboard computer and a NOx sensor, the fluid is pumped into the exhaust stream at the rate of 2 to 4 ounces to a gallon of ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel (ULSD) consumed. There, in the hot exhaust stack, the urea solution is converted into ammonia (NH3) which reacts with NOx in the exhaust. The resulting chemical breakdown  and re-bonding of the constituent elements of each reactant produce plain nitrogen and water vapor instead of harmful oxides of nitrogen.   Standardized as Aqueous Urea Solution (AU) 32, the AdBlue solution is trademarked to German company the German Association of the Automotive Industry (VDA), but there  is a variety of other DEFs available on the American market including BlueTec by German automotive corporation Daimler AG and the Canadian version H2Blu. How and Where Is AdBlue Replenished? Refilling the AdBlue tank is  not a do-it-yourself task. Although it is possible to purchase the solution at the retail level, it is generally available only through a dealership or service shop. The systems are designed with a capacity of several gallons (seven to ten) which translates into several thousands of miles. Under normal vehicle operating conditions, the DEF tank needs to be refilled only during regularly scheduled maintenance. However, as of 2013, trucks and diesel engine cars have been created to allow users to refill their own DEF tanks. As a result, a number of truck stops and gas stations have begun offering a DEF pump next to the diesel fuel pump. You may even purchase small quantities- or order large containers for commercial use- to keep at home. Although safe to handle and non-toxic, AdBlue can eat through some metals. It is recommended that DEFs be stored at cool temperatures away from direct sunlight and moisture in a well-ventilated area. According to a Cummins Filtration report on the standard, AdBlue freezes at 12 degrees Fahrenheit, but the process of freezing and thawing does not degrade the product as the water in the urea  solution will freeze and thaw as the fluid does.

Latest innovations Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Latest innovations - Research Paper Example Innovation is critical since it not only raises market attention but also helps in positioning and differentiation (OFallon, & Rutherford 2011). Innovation involves a new way of doing things using unique combination of production or delivery factors. Innovation is applicable in different ways like generation of a new product or improving an old product; the hotels can also develop new sales and supply markets or even restructure the whole company. With an aim of insuring sustainable development, the hotel industry is now adopting the new trend of eco-tourism. With years to come, all hotels will have legal obligation to ensure that all their practices aim at environmental conservation (Swami, & Sharma 2011). Hotels adopting eco-friendly innovations are beginning to have competitive advantage over other companies that do not protect the environment. Green hotels are growing daily hence becoming the core of the hospitality industry. Customers to this industry are also becoming eco sensitive hence are considering green hotel to meet their accommodation needs. The Eco label is becoming a standard for choice by the tourists and other hotel guests. Eco label hotels add environment friendly technological practices to their good menus besides providing a wide range of resources (Swami, & Sharma 2011). In the hotel environment, various activities such as constructions, landscaping, use of water and energy, cooking and disposal of waste s affect the environment if not contained. The size of hotel families in relation to the rate of utilization also influences environmental conditions (Swami, & Sharma 2011). There are varieties of forces that are pushing US hotels to be more environmental conscious. Some studies indicate that 90% of the current hotels guest aim at getting accommodations form Eco labelled hotels (Swami, & Sharma 2011). This causes pressure on hotels to adopt environment friendly techniques to maintain

Expedia Value Chain Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Expedia Value Chain - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that the value chain of an organization consists of all activities that are performed in order to achieve a competitive advantage in the industry. According to Michael Porter, the value chain consists of two types of activities. They are primary activities and support activities. The present research has identified that primary activities include inbound logistics, operations, outbound logistics, marketing and sales, and service. Secondary activities include procurement, human resource management, technological development, and infrastructure. From this research, it is clear that Expedia uses technology in order to create an interface that enables customers to make bookings and reservations online. It is partnered with similar services helping its customers to search and sort cheap flights, hotels, car rentals, holiday destinations, and so on. Expedia partners with industry experts including Hotels.com, Egencia, Venere, Hotwire, etc. The te chnology department at Expedia works to allow customers to make their reservations online through the company interface. Such activities occur electronically to send customers their receipts. The Sales department takes care of all sales and support services provided by the company. Expedia runs social media marketing campaigns and also runs an affiliate program. The customer support staff is present to assist customers with the service.

Intermediate Microeconomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Intermediate Microeconomics - Essay Example es alike : all declared bankruptcy and the State had to infuse millions of $s into the economy in the form of economic stimulus to keep the economy from completely crunching. "This collapse in housing value is sucking in all borrowers," said Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moodys Economy.com. The New York Times quotes â€Å"Like subprime mortgages, many prime loans made in the United States in recent years allowed borrowers to pay less initially and face higher adjustable payments a few years later. As long as home prices were rising, these borrowers could refinance their loans or sell their properties to pay off their mortgages. But now, with prices falling and lenders clamping down, homeowners with solid credit are starting to come under the same financial stress as those with subprime credit.† An article in the WSJ [2007] speaks about the sub prime crisis and its analysis by the Journal., â€Å"To examine the surge in subprime lending, the Wall Street Journal analyzed more than 250 million records on mortgage applications and originations filed by lenders under the federal Home Mortgage Disclosure Act. Subprime mortgages were initially aimed at lower-income consumers with spotty credit. But the data contradict the conventional wisdom that subprime borrowers are overwhelmingly low-income residents of inner cities. Although the concentration of high-rate loans is higher in poorer communities, the numbers show that high-rate lending also rose sharply in middle-class and wealthier communities†. According to the same article, even in 2006, when the housing market was weakening, some lenders were still willing to make riskier loans. The analysis of loan data by The Wall Street Journal indicates that from 2004 to 2006, when residential property prices were at their peak i n many parts of the country, more than 2,500 banks, thrifts, credit unions and mortgage companies made a combined $1.5 trillion in high-interest-rate loans.†This article describes how the subprime

Motivational Letter Example Essay Example for Free

Motivational Letter Example Essay This letter is to express my interest in bringing my diverse professional background and experience to your organization.   I possess excellent interpersonal skills and am effective in motivating, mentoring, and coaching others demonstrating solid leadership skills. As you can gather from my attached resume, I am currently working as a Realtor for a major real estate firm.   My professional background includes working in both the public and private sector and it demonstrates my flexibility and adaptability to work in a variety of work environments. In addition to the skills noted on my attached resume, I can also offer your organization: Excellent customer service skills and a proven ability to increase customer satisfaction. An ability to work in a fast-paced environment utilizing my multi-tasking skills. Self-motivated and goal-oriented professional dedicated to achieving personal and professional growth. It is my hope that my education and professional experience will convey to you that I have the qualifications to make a valuable contribution as a School Counselor at any institution.   Should you have any questions, I can be reached at the number listed above.

The Progression of Gender Roles in American Society Essay -- Gender Ro

The Progression of Gender Roles in American Society Throughout life every man and woman fits into a specific gender role. We are told what is expected of men and women from birth until death. Many people influence our view of how we should act and what we should say such as our parents, friends, and even the media. Males and females play very different roles and these differences are apparent in our every day lives. These differences are not the same as they used to be. Society has changed the way it treats men and women over time. Around the beginning of the 20th century men and women had very specific gender roles. Women in the past were usually looked at as the homemaker types. Very few women had jobs of any type during this time period. Women usually stayed home and cared for children and cared for the home. At this time women had no voting rights either. They were practically a man’s property. Men of this time period also played a different role than they do today. The males of this era made all of the money for the household. They were the ones who went to work and provided for the family. They were looked upon as the head of the family and were expected to act as such. Males were also the ones who voted, so all of the leaders around this time were elected by men. Women are still expected to care for the children and take care of the home, but it is more acceptable these days for a man to take a more active role in sharing those types of responsibil...

Differences in Competencies Between Nurses Prepared at the Associate’s Degree Level Versus the Baccalaureate Degree Level Essay

Differences In Competencies between Nurses Prepared at the Associates Degree Level Versus The Baccalaureate Degree Level in Nursing It is sometimes difficult to differentiate between the associates degree nurse and the baccalaureate degree nurse. After all both levels of learning require passing the exact same exam in order to practice. However, there are some differences of learning between them. Two important differences are the educational curriculum and the quality of care given to patients. The associates degree nursing curriculum (AAS) is a two year program that prepares the nurse to apply technical and clinical skills upon graduation. The baccalaureate degree nursing (BSN) curriculum is a four year program that builds upon the technical and clinical skills of the AAS. Heights of learning is raised by incorporating psychosocial, ethical, legal, evidence based nursing into their curriculum. The first BSN program started out at the beginning of the twentieth century. Annie Goodrich, director of the first privately operated baccalaureate program at Yale University, believed that certain concepts in nursing should be built on the foundation of technical and clinical skills (Creasia and Friberg. 2011) Goodrich believed that the BSN field of study should address psychosocial and public health issues (Creasia and Reid. 2011). Todays BSN programs takes the AAS nurse out of the closed minded dome of just applying technical and clinical skills and into the world of other plateaus and horizons of nursing. This greater arc of nursing consists of addressing ALL pertinent needs that influences the health of individuals, families and communities. BSN nurses learn about legal, ethical, psychological, social and economic issues that pertains to health and health care. Upon receiving my AAS degree in nursing after a challenging two and one half years, I told myself that I needed a break from studying. After all I had completed the â€Å" hardest† part of nursing ; applying clinical skills. In my mind, I had climbed one of the highest mountains of learning, I did not quite get to the top, but its view was  in sight and I would get there some day. There were not any incentives that encouraged me to move forward because all the registered nurses in the hospital where I worked wore the same identical identification cards . Everyone had their name and the words staff nurse written. Another reason that discouraged me from pushing forth is that there was only a two thousand dollar yearly raise when you got the BSN. Many studies were done showing that the outcomes of the quality of care given by nurses that have BSN degrees and nurses with AAS degrees. Two of these studies stand out. One such study is the finding that baccalaureate degree nurses provided better outcomes in health care facilities. According to a study done in 1999 by Aiken, Clarke, Sloane, Lake and Chaney, the mortality rate of hospital patients decreased when there was a patient ratio of four patients to one nurse, and when there was a sixty percent staffing of BSN nurses. Another important study is a study done by Estabrooks, Midodzi, Cummings, Ricker and Giovanetti in March 2005, it was found that hospitals with a higher ratio of baccalaureate degrees resulted in a lower thirty day mortality rate of patient (Estabrooks, Midodzi, Cummings, Ricker and Giovanetti. 2005) Nursing is a field of study that mandates that the whole person and all parts of the whole person be taken into consideration so that the nurse could give effective care to individuals. Nurses that hold AAS degrees in nursing have an incomplete â€Å" un-whole â€Å" education. This incompleteness shortens their nursing insight into the outerr stratospheres of nursing. A while back, I remember applying for a position as a Nurse-Family Partnership Nurse. I was confident that I would get the job, because I had solid years of experience. The position entailed doing home visits to first time mothers and teaching them how to take care of their infants. The position also entailed connecting these first time mothers with support services like food stamps and living skills specialists that would empower them. There was a measurable positive difference in the quality of these first time mothers and their infants with the guidance and direction of the BSN nurse ( A Career You  Can Feel Passionate About. Retrieved from www.nursefamily partnership.org). Needless to say, I did not get the position, because I did not have a BSN Degree. This was a wake up call for me. Today with all the solid evidence based studies on the better nursing outcomes with a higher staffing of baccalaureate degree nurses, health care facilities especially hospitals are resorting to hiring only the nurses that have their BSN degrees. Therefore it is imperative that AAS nurses continue on with their nursing education to deliver a better quality of care to individuals and to be more viable for positions that require the leadership of a baccalaureate nurse. References  A Career You Can Feel Good Passionate About. (n.d.) Retrieved from www.NURSEFAMILYPARTNERSHIP.ORG. Aiken, L.H., Clarke, S.P., Sloane, D.M., Lake, E.T., & Cheney, T. (2008, May). Effects of Hospital Care environment on patient mortality and nurse outcomes. Journal of Nursing Administration, 38(5). 223-229. Creasia, L.J., & Friberg.E. (2011). Conceptual Foundations : The Bridge to Professional Nursing Practice. St. Louis, MO. Elsevier Mosby. Eastbrooks, C.A., MIdodzi, W.K., Cummings, G.C. Ricker, K.L. & Giovanetti, P. (2005, March/April). The Impact of Hospital Nursing Characteristics on 30-day Mortality. Journal of Nursing Administration. 4 (718),958-968.

Disraeli: An unprincipled adventurer in politics Essay

â€Å"An unprincipled adventurer in politics.† How fair is this interpretation of Disraeli in the period 1837- 1846? 1st DRAFT Over the years, the political character of Disraeli has bewildered historians as much as it did his colleagues. Previously historians, such as Machin, had an inclination to accept the view of his contemporary critics which was often, that in the obscurities of his politically life prior to 1846, Disraeli was â€Å"An unprincipled adventurer in politics†, motivated by his own personal ambition rather that a doctrine of political principles. Yet recently there has been an upsurge in the number of historians that believe Disraeli did possess a clear set of ideas. These principles originated from Disraeli’s understanding of English history and values, and that a desire to defend and realize his conception of England gave his career coherence. Disraeli saw himself as a foe of dangerous cosmopolitan ideas that were damaging the national spirit and creating social conflict.1 Whilst Disraeli can be considered as unprincipled in his methods, Disraeli’s underlying sense of political purpose, and the rhetoric he used to promote his objectives, never changed thus showing that he was truly a principled politician. In the early 1830s Disraeli stood in several elections as a Whig, Radical and as an Independent. However, Disraeli was a Tory by the time he won a seat in the House of Commons in 1837 representing the constituency of Maidstone. These frequent changes of allegiance to the different political groups are one of the ways which one can claim Disraeli to be unprincipled but was he? Disraeli claimed that his switch to conservatism was due to his belief in the fact that Conservatives defended the interests of the people. This claim for can be proven by the fact that in the 1822 the Tory party under Lord Liverpool’s administration argued for the rights of Dissenters and even repealed the Test and Corporations Act which allowed for protestant dissenters to hold positions in public office. In addition, in 1836 Disraeli wrote and published the pamphlet ‘Vindication of the English Constitution (1835). In this pamphlet, Disraeli described the Whigs as a party, tried to monopolise the government by enslaving the monarchy during the 18th century. This evidence also leads to Ian St John’s conclusion that Disraeli was always a ‘Tory Radical’ who believed that the Tory party was the true party since the Whigs pursued ‘a selfish agenda in the interests of a narrow elite’2 . In addition, he claimed that the Tories had shown themselves to be a truly ‘national party’, representing the views of ‘nine-tenths of the people’.3 This evidence agrees with Disraeli’s own claim that the Tory party was the actual party of the people, and in this way one can say that Disraeli’s switch to conservatism was based upon a principled grounding. Further arguments that Disraeli’s switch to conservatism was based on his principle and not on his own personal ambitions are that during Disraeli’s earlier attempts for Parliament, he had always argued for agricultural assistance. This belief formed an integral part of the Tory party’s principals since in 1815 a Tory government had introduced the Corn Laws as a means of protecting the British agricultural market from an influx of cheap foreign corn. In addition, one can argue that Disraeli’s switch to Conservatism could also be a result from the fact that the Conservative party was the party Disraeli grew up around. During his youth Disraeli had met George Canning who was a friend of his father, in addition in the 1830s Disraeli was drawn to the Conservative’s party social circles. Through these functions he was introduced to Lord Lyndhurst (a former Tory Chancellor) by Lady Henrietta Sykes.4 Therefore one can say that through his background, fundamental beliefs and social circles, Disraeli was a natural Conservative in the same way that Gladstone was a natural Liberal However, for many historians these are not the main reasons as to why Disraeli became a Conservative MP. In 1834 Disraeli received Conservative financial support from Lord Lyndhurst who was his patron.5 This inextricably linked Disraeli to the Conservative party, especially when one considers the fact that Disraeli was not competent with his domestic economics and would therefore never be able to repay Lyndhurst. In conclusion one can say that Disraeli’s conversion to the Conservative party was mainly a genuine switch even though it may have been influenced by the generosity of Lord Lyndhurst The character of Disraeli can also been seen to be principled in is by his belief that rich members of society have a duty to the poor. This belief was expressed in Disraeli’s reaction to the 1834 Poor Law Amendment Act. This Bill founded a Poor Law Commission to supervise the national operation of the Poor Law system, included the moulding together of small parishes into Poor Law Unions and the building of workhouses in each union for the giving of poor relief. The act was â€Å"Whig-Benthamite reforming legislation of the period†6 passed by Earl Grey in order to dissuade people from becoming poor and wanting to join the Work house system. In 1840 Disraeli condemned the New Poor Law and the Work house system due to his belief that the government should help the poor in a paternal way. This marked the start of Disraeli’s belief in one nation Toryism. The idea of ‘One nation Toryism’ was present in Disraeli’s novel Sybil, where he described Britain as â€Å"Two nations †¦ the rich and the poor.† 7 Disraeli believed that the ideology of young England, the 1852 budget and the 1867 Reform Act. Therefore this shows that Disraeli’s devotion to a Romanticised version of society where the upper classes had a duty to the poor was a stead fast principle of Disraelian politics. Another way in which Disraeli expressed his principles of preserving social harmony and helping the poor was through his sympathy to the Chartists. Chartism was a movement established in 1836 and controlled by working men who wanted to achieve parliamentary democracy as a step towards social and economic reform. In 1840 Disraeli was one of only 5 MPs who argued against the heavy punishments given to Chartists. This was due to the fact Disraeli believed that that political rights ensured social happiness. In his Chartist novel, Sybil or the two Nations, Disraeli gave the only fictional account of Chartism which understood the political demands of the movement8. This reaction to Chartism showed Disraeli as being principled as his desire to help the poor was present in his 1852 budget since he wanted to reduce indirect taxation on malt and tea, and levy the income budget. This would have helped with the working class who were more affected by indirect taxation than they were direct taxation as Gladstone would soon realise. In addition, one of the main values of Disraeli’s Young England was the conservative and romantic strand of Social Toryism that included the patronage of ‘noblesse oblige as the basis for its paternalistic form of social organization.’9 In addition, through his 1867 Reform Bill Disraeli also enhanced the franchise of the professional and middle classes. Despite the fact that cynical historians such as —- may see Disraeli’s attempts to widen the political field as a way of getting a Conservative political stronghold, the line of thought that Disraeli was a ‘Radical Tory’ dispels their claim. This is because Disraeli was radical in the sense that he welcomed the Reform and wanted to push British politics towards a ‘democratic principle’ of government with ‘triennial elections and the secret ballot.’10 This notion of wider representation links in with the previous argument of why Disraeli became a conservative MP. By extending the political map Disraeli believe that the English Nation would be better represented as it would dispel the oligarchical control that the Whigs held in Parliament. Therefore one can argue that Disraeli’s support of Chartism shows him as a principal politician as it reflects his belief in a need for reform in the Victorian political system. The case of Disraeli staying with his principles of a Romantic, paternalistic society is also evident in Disraeli’s works of fiction and his membership of Young England. Disraeli had helped to form the Young England group in 1842 based upon the that the middle class now had too much political power and an alliance between the aristocracy and the working class was needed to keep society functioning. Disraeli suggested that the aristocracy should use their power to help protect the poor yet a social hierarchy that should be maintained.11 Yet despite making these views of paternalism evident in his legislature such as the 1852 budget and his response to the 1843 Poor Law amendment historians such as Ian St John always ask how seriously did Disraeli regard young England? This is an obtuse question. Young England was an important tool of Disraeli’s as it helped him to publicise his political beliefs and during 1842 they helped him attack the Poor Law, and the rationalist sys tem of thought. In addition, due to his unconventional education, Young England was also vital to Disraeli as it allowed him to network within the Conservative party despite the fact that he was an outsider due to his Jewish ethnicity and middle class background. One can also argue that Disraeli showed a clear commitment to the ideologies of Young England due to his writings. Disraeli’s novels Coningsby (1844), Sybil (1845) and Tancred (1847) all show concern about poverty and the injustice of the parliamentary system. In Coningsby, Disraeli attacked the Tamworth Manifesto as ‘an attempt to construct a party without principles’. Moreover, his subsequent novel Sybil shows the start of one nation Toryism as it shows concern about the development of two nations causing a schism in society. This novels are critical as they all show Disraelian principals since all the novels show a continuation of Disraeli’s beliefs of a Romantic notion of government and desire for reform and in this way can be said to be principled. Moreover Young England is proof of Disraeli’s principles as it shows that his belief in a Romantic system of government and paternalism was as present in his ideals as a young man, as they were when he was Prime minister in the 1870s. The main argument for Disraeli being an ‘unprincipled adventurer’ in politics is often due to his relationship with Peel. There are often three main views to this section of Disraeli’s early political career. The first view is that Disraeli led his attack on Peel for revenge. According to Norman Lowe Disraeli was ‘furious when Peel did not offer him a place in his 1841 cabinet and perhaps because of this Disraeli lead the attack on Peel over the Corn Law repeal’12.However this account for Disraeli’s attack on Peel is highly flawed. In his biography on Disraeli, Christopher Hibbert claims that in 1844 Peel had wrote to Disraeli apologising for dismissing his offer to work in his cabinet and stating that if he had offended Disraeli it was ‘wholly unintentional on [his] part†13 Hibbert then goes on to state that this apology showed that the animosity between the two men was no longer tangible and, soon after the apology was made Disrae li and three member of Young England ‘voted with the government’14! In fact, Hibbert then goes onto disclose that Peel actually praised Disraeli’s speech on the Irish question calling it ‘very able’. These are all very clear examples showing how Disraeli’s direct and very public attack on Peel over the issue of the repeal of the Corn Laws could not have been a result of Peels rebuff in 1841. Both men had declared a truce with each other (although Grenville did comment in his diary that Disraeli’s speech on the Ireland question was ‘under the guise of compliment making an amusing attack on Peel’15) and it was for the benefit of the Tory party if this truce was maintained. After all as the historian Southgate remarked ‘[Disraeli had] no principle except that of maintaining party unity’.16 Therefore the claim that Disraeli’s attack on Peel was ‘unprincipled’ as it was based upon a personal vendetta against the Tory leader is historically inaccurate. Another interpretation for Disraeli’s attack on Peel given by Machin is that Disraeli’s attacks stemmed from a personal ambition. By attacking Peel over the 1846 Corn Law Crisis Disraeli apparently, made him name as an able orator and gave him his first political influence. Whilst the latter half of this statement may be viewed as true, Hibbert had already shown that Disraeli’s skills for oration were already known by 1846 due to his speech on the Irish question which ‘was so widely admired †¦that his wife asked him to note down’17 However one cannot dispute that by defeating Peel Disraeli gained a political advantage. Even Jenkins states that the ‘subsequent events helped to catapult Disraeli into a position of authority which he could never have expected to achieve so quickly if at all’. Whilst this may be true by toppling Peel from power Disraeli has left the Tory party ‘in the political wildernesses’18 according to Machin. Commonsense dictates that whilst he was the most promising Conservative MP, a person cannot fulfil any political ambitions whilst their party is divided and weak. Therefore it is illogical to say that Disraeli uprooted Peel from power in a bid to further his own political career, as without Peel leading the Tories, any chance of political victory would have been harder to achieve. The final and perhaps most justified reason why historians such as Monypenny believed that Disraeli lead the attack on Peel was due to ‘a clear question of principle and†¦pressure from his constituents’19. Whilst many historians believe that Peel was a true statesman, David Eastcote takes the Victorian contemporary view that Peel was actually a turncoat. By championing the ideas of Catholic Emancipation, the Maynooth Grant and the Corn Law repeal ‘Peel had quite deliberately isolated himself, and in so doing he had destroyed his party, or at any rate driven an immovable wedge between Peelism and Toryism. The destruction of the party was not an unfortunate, unintended consequence of the Corn Law crisis – it was, rather, quite deliberately engineered by Peel’.20 Although many people view that the Tory party disintegrated with the exodus of the Peelite fraction of the party, it is important to realise that Peel’s decision were unpopular with the core base of ultra-Tories. This was due to the fact that even though his party was in power, there were no real Tory party decisions as Peel preferred a Presidential style of governing rather than an executive governing style. In addition one can argue that Disraeli held a principle attack on peel due to the fact that whilst he had supported Peel in 1842 over further relaxation of the Corn Laws, he was unable to support Peel over their complete repeal. This was because he saw Peel’s desertion of ‘Protection and as a betrayal of agricultural interest’ which was the ‘backbone of the party’21.Disraeli therefore declared alongside Lord Bentinck that they would ‘never†¦be guilty or double dealing with the farmers of England†¦.or betraying our constituents’ 22highlighting the fact that Disraeli was fighting the issue of Corn law repeal based on his principles of agricultural protection as well as a having a sense duty to his constituents. This interpretation ca n also be verified by the fact that 242 former supporters of Peel also rebelled against his 1846 proposal for Corn Law repeal. The idea that the rebel against Peel over the corn Law crisis was based on a notion of having a duty to his electorate is also present in Walton’s verdict of 1846 where he states that Disraeli attacked Peel for ‘changing his policy without consulting the electorate or listening to the views of his supporters’23. Ian Machin also concedes that although Disraeli did have something to gain from usurping Peel, there was a strong public opinion in the constituencies that was for the idea of retaining the Corn Laws. Therefore one can logically conclude that Disraeli’s attacks on Peel in 1846 Disraeli’s attacks on Peel could be argued as being unprincipled on the surface as they are often seen as being based upon an underlining tone of resentment and antipathy due to Peel’s refusal to give him a position of power in 1841. However there is stronger evidence to suggest that Disraeli’s attacks were due to Peel’s betrayal of the Conservative party as well as pressure from his constituents. However, once one has argued away the beliefs that Disraeli was unprincipled due to his relationship with Peel, one is left with arguments Disraeli’s contemporaries held for him being unprincipled. The majority of reasons why Disraeli is often seen as an unscrupulous politician are due to his background. Due to Disraeli’s Jewish heritage he was often received with Anti-Semitic bias. This is recognised when Derby writes â€Å"there is no one in our arty who can compete with you†¦but†¦your formal establishment in the post of leader would not meet with a general and cheerful approval†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This means that whilst Disraeli was a recognised key political player in the Conservative party (thus eliminating the idea that he was a mere adventurer), his personal background would always work against him. However not only did Disraeli’s Jewish roots help to hinder his political progression. However all this argument is invalid since it does not state that he was unprincipled due to his political beliefs, but rather, that he was unprincipled due to his ethnicity. These arguments are therefore irrational and further alienate the claim that Disraeli was an irrational politician as historians no longer view Disraeli with a racial bias. In conclusion, the statement â€Å"An unprincipled adventurer in politics† is not a fair interpretation of Disraeli in the period 1837- 1846. By studying Disraeli’s early political career there is a key notion that the principles of a paternalistic Romanticised society is truly maintained, as well as a belief that the Tory party is the true party of the nation. In addition in regards to Disraeli’s dispute with Peel over the 1846 Corn Law crisis, one can see that on deeper examination the underlying roots of Disraeli’s arguments were held upon the as same convictions which he campaigned for as an independent MP and the same principles that made him a ‘Radical Tory’. Therefore one can convincingly argue that during the period 1837- 1846 Disraeli was as principled as a politician can be. 1 T.A. Jenkins ‘Benjamin Disraeli and the Spirit of England’, History Today 54:12 (December 2004), 9-15 2 Ian. St John, Disraeli and the Art of Victorian Politics, (London: Anthem) 2005, pg 10 3 Jenkins, 54 4 William M. Kuhn, the Politics of Pleasure: A portrait of Benjamin Disraeli (Michigan: Pocket) 2007 pg 174 5 William M. Kuhn, the Politics of Pleasure: A portrait of Benjamin Disraeli (Michigan: Pocket) 2007 pg 175 6 Norman. Gash, Politics in the Age of Peel (London: Longman) 1953, pg 395 7 Andrew Heywood, Political Ideologies: An Introduction, (Basingstoke: PalgraveMacmillian),2003 p88 8 Norman Lowe, Mastering Modern British History, (Basingstoke: Macmillan) 1984 pg 118 9 Wikipedia, Young England, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_england (January 4, 2009) 10 Ian . St John, Disraeli and the Art of Victorian Politics, (London: Anthem) 2005, pg 10 11 William M. Kuhn, the Politics of Pleasure: A portrait of Benjamin Disraeli (Michigan: Pocket) 2007 pg 185 12 Norman Lowe, Mastering Modern British History, (Basingstoke: Macmillan) 1984 pg 247 13 Christopher Hibbert, Disraeli- A personal history, (Hampshire: HarperPerennial) 2004 pg 160 14 Christopher Hibbert, Disraeli- A personal history, (Hampshire: HarperPerennial) 2004 pg 160 15 Christopher Hibbert, Disraeli- A personal history, (Hampshire: HarperPerennial) 2004 pg 160 16 John Walton, Disraeli, (London: Lancaster pamphlets) 1990 pg 59 17 Christopher Hibbert, Disraeli- A personal history, (Hampshire: HarperPerennial) 2004 pg 160 18 Ian Machin, Disraeli (Canada: Pearson Education) 1996 pg 110 19 Mary Dicken, Disraeli, (London: HarperCollins) 2004 pg 20 20 David Eastwood, ‘Peel-Statesman or Turncoat’, History Today 23 (December 1995)pg 20-25 21 Mary Dicken, Disraeli, (London: HarperCollins) 2004 pg 17 22 Mary Dicken, Disraeli, (London: HarperCollins) 2004 pg 19 23 John Walton, Disraeli, (London: Lancaster pamphlets) 1990 pg 8